Peptidia Research
The evidence is the product.
Dose-free peptide evidence previews, research-literacy guides, and transparent product comparisons. Every page names its limits, links its sources, and carries a real editorial-review date.
Reviewed evidence previews
Start with what the strongest evidence actually found.
Only editor-approved records are public. These are concise previews, not the full subscriber library.
Evidence Passport preview
BPC-157
BPC-157 is a synthetic 15-amino-acid peptide. It is not approved as a medicine by the FDA or Health Canada, and WADA prohibits it at all times. Almost all evidence comes from rat studies, much of it from one research group in Zagreb. A 2026 systematic review found only three small uncontrolled human studies, 30 people in total, with very low certainty. A placebo-controlled trial in hamstring strain is registered and recruiting but has no results yet.
9 inspectable sources · Reviewed August 2026
Evidence Passport preview
TB-500
TB-500 is a short fragment of thymosin beta-4 that FDA identifies by the sequence LKKTETQ. It is not approved for any use by the FDA or Health Canada, and WADA prohibits it at all times. FDA says it has found no human exposure data for products containing the fragment. The small human trials often cited tested full-length thymosin beta-4 for dry eye and skin ulcers, not TB-500, and not muscle or tendon repair.
8 inspectable sources · Reviewed August 2026
Evidence Passport preview
GHK-Cu
GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring three-amino-acid peptide (glycyl-histidyl-lysine) bound to copper and an established cosmetic skin ingredient. It is not approved by the FDA or Health Canada for any therapeutic or injectable use. Topical claims rest mostly on cell and animal studies plus small cosmetic studies, several with commercial ties. Injected use has no human efficacy or safety data, and FDA flags safety risks for injectable compounded products.
7 inspectable sources · Reviewed August 2026
Evidence Passport preview
KPV
KPV is a three-amino-acid peptide (lysine-proline-valine), the final segment of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. It is not approved as a medicine by the FDA or Health Canada. All cited evidence comes from cell and mouse studies of intestinal inflammation. No human trial is among the sources, and FDA says it has found no human exposure data for products containing KPV by any route.
7 inspectable sources · Reviewed August 2026
Evidence Passport preview
Thymosin Alpha-1
Thymosin alpha-1 is an immune-signaling peptide first isolated from thymus tissue. It is not approved by the FDA or Health Canada. It has been tested in randomized human trials: a large phase 3 sepsis trial found no clear reduction in 28-day mortality, and a 2026 Cochrane review of chronic hepatitis B trials rated the evidence low to very low certainty. Benefits for general wellness have not been studied in these trials.
8 inspectable sources · Reviewed August 2026
Evidence Passport preview
Retatrutide
Retatrutide is an investigational drug that acts on three receptors: GLP-1, GIP and glucagon. It is not approved by the FDA or Health Canada. Two phase 3 randomized trials published in 2026, both funded by Eli Lilly, found more weight loss than placebo over 80 weeks in adults with obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes. Gastrointestinal effects were the most common adverse events. Long-term safety and outcome benefits are not established.
9 inspectable sources · Reviewed August 2026
Evidence Passport preview
Semaglutide
Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist approved by the FDA and authorized by Health Canada. In the United States it is sold as Ozempic and Rybelsus for type 2 diabetes and as Wegovy for chronic weight management, with label indications that also cover cardiovascular risk reduction, kidney outcomes in diabetes and a liver condition. Large randomized trials support these uses. The labels carry a boxed warning about thyroid C-cell tumors seen in rodents.
12 inspectable sources · Reviewed August 2026
Evidence Passport preview
Tirzepatide
Tirzepatide is a dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist approved by the FDA and authorized by Health Canada. In the United States it is sold as Mounjaro for type 2 diabetes and as Zepbound for chronic weight management and obstructive sleep apnea with obesity. Randomized trials, including direct comparisons with semaglutide, support these uses. Benefits depend on continued treatment, and the labels carry a boxed warning about thyroid C-cell tumors seen in rats.
10 inspectable sources · Reviewed August 2026
Evidence Passport preview
MOTS-c
MOTS-c is a small peptide encoded in mitochondrial DNA. It is not approved by the FDA or Health Canada for any use. In mice, giving MOTS-c prevented diet-induced and age-related insulin resistance, prevented diet-induced obesity and improved physical capacity. In humans, the evidence is observational: exercise raises the body's own MOTS-c levels. No published controlled trial among the reviewed sources has tested MOTS-c as a treatment in people, so its human effects and safety are unknown.
7 inspectable sources · Reviewed August 2026
Evidence Passport preview
NAD+
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a coenzyme found in every cell. It is not a peptide, and the FDA has not approved it as a drug. Human trials of oral precursors such as nicotinamide riboside show that they raise NAD levels in the blood and are well tolerated in the short term. Clinically meaningful benefits for energy, aging or disease are largely unproven, and the reviewed trials did not test infused or injected NAD+.
6 inspectable sources · Reviewed August 2026
Evidence Passport preview
AOD-9604
AOD-9604 is a synthetic fragment based on the end region of human growth hormone. Animal studies supported a fat-metabolism hypothesis, but the human development program did not establish meaningful weight-loss efficacy and was discontinued. It is not approved as a treatment for obesity or another clinical condition.
12 inspectable sources · Reviewed August 2026
Evidence Passport preview
CJC-1295 (with DAC)
CJC-1295 with DAC is a synthetic, long-acting analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone. No FDA- or Health Canada-approved product exists. Small studies in healthy adults, from one development program, showed prolonged rises in growth hormone and IGF-1. No trial has tested recovery, muscle, or long-term health outcomes. FDA reports that the developer withdrew it from clinical trials in 2006 after a participant in an unpublished phase 2 trial died; the attending physician thought undiagnosed heart disease the most likely cause.
8 inspectable sources · Reviewed August 2026
Evidence Passport preview
Sermorelin
Sermorelin is a synthetic copy of the first 29 amino acids of human growth hormone-releasing hormone. FDA approved it as Geref in 1990; Geref is discontinued, and FDA records that it was not withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons. No current FDA- or Health Canada-approved product was found. Its evidence is thin: older receptor and diagnostic studies, but no modern randomized trial of recovery, muscle, sleep, or aging outcomes.
10 inspectable sources · Reviewed August 2026
Evidence Passport preview
Tesamorelin
Tesamorelin is a synthetic analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone. FDA approved it, sold as Egrifta, for the reduction of excess abdominal fat in adults with HIV and lipodystrophy. Phase 3 trials in that population showed less visceral fat than placebo, with little change in body weight. Its label says it is not indicated for weight loss, and benefit outside HIV is not established.
6 inspectable sources · Reviewed August 2026
Evidence Passport preview
MK-677 (Ibutamoren)
MK-677, also called ibutamoren, is not a peptide. It is an orally active small molecule that activates the ghrelin receptor and raises growth hormone and IGF-1. It is not approved by FDA or Health Canada, and FDA excludes it from the dietary supplement definition. A randomized trial found no effect on Alzheimer disease progression, and a hip-fracture trial ended early over a congestive heart failure safety signal.
10 inspectable sources · Reviewed August 2026
Evidence Passport preview
IGF-1 LR3
IGF-1 LR3 is a synthetic, modified form of insulin-like growth factor 1 that binds poorly to the proteins that normally carry IGF-1 in the blood. It is not approved as a therapeutic by FDA or Health Canada, and WADA prohibits it. The cited evidence is animal studies and an anti-doping detection method. No human trial has tested its efficacy or safety.
6 inspectable sources · Reviewed August 2026
Evidence Passport preview
Ipamorelin
Ipamorelin is a synthetic peptide that activates the ghrelin receptor and stimulates endogenous growth-hormone release. It has never been approved by FDA or Health Canada. Its selectivity is documented mainly in preclinical studies. The strongest controlled human trial, in postoperative ileus, did not show a significant benefit on its key or secondary efficacy outcomes, and marketed wellness claims remain unproven.
9 inspectable sources · Reviewed August 2026
Evidence Passport preview
Epitalon
Epitalon is a synthetic four-amino-acid peptide that is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or Health Canada. Its telomere effects are cell-culture and rodent findings. The human studies are small, mostly open-label, and concentrated in one St. Petersburg research group. The popular claim that it lowers mortality comes from a study of Epithalamin, a pineal extract, not of Epitalon. There is no randomized, blinded efficacy trial and no human lifespan trial.
7 inspectable sources · Reviewed August 2026
Evidence Passport preview
Semax
Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide based on a fragment of the hormone ACTH. It is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or Health Canada. Most of its evidence comes from rodent studies of brain growth factors and neurochemistry. The one human study here followed patients recovering from ischemic stroke and did not describe randomization or blinding. No study in this entry tested cognition in healthy people.
10 inspectable sources · Reviewed August 2026
Evidence Passport preview
SS-31 (Elamipretide)
SS-31, or elamipretide, is a mitochondria-targeted peptide approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, under accelerated approval, as FORZINITY to improve muscle strength in adults and children with Barth syndrome who weigh at least 30 kilograms. Continued approval may depend on a confirmatory trial. A Phase III trial in primary mitochondrial myopathy missed its primary outcomes. No trial shows that it slows aging or raises energy in healthy people, and Health Canada has not authorized it.
9 inspectable sources · Reviewed August 2026
Evidence Passport preview
PT-141
PT-141, or bremelanotide, is a melanocortin receptor agonist approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as VYLEESI for premenopausal women with acquired, generalized hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Two Phase 3 trials showed modest but statistically significant gains in desire and less distress. It is not approved for men or postmenopausal women, or to enhance sexual performance, and Health Canada has not authorized it.
8 inspectable sources · Reviewed August 2026
Evidence Passport preview
Melanotan II
Melanotan II is a synthetic, nonselective melanocortin receptor agonist that is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or Health Canada. Small, older controlled studies in men reported erections and increased sexual desire, with nausea and yawning as frequent side effects. Case reports describe new or changing moles and melanomas during or after use. It is a different compound from the approved drugs afamelanotide and bremelanotide.
10 inspectable sources · Reviewed August 2026
Evidence Passport preview
Selank
Selank is a synthetic peptide derived from tuftsin and developed in Russia. Limited human studies report anxiety-related and neuroimaging signals, but the evidence base is small and geographically concentrated; most proposed mechanisms are preclinical. It is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or Health Canada.
8 inspectable sources · Reviewed August 2026
Research literacy
A better filter for the next claim you encounter.
Guide
How to evaluate peptide research without getting lost in the hype
A repeatable method for checking peptide claims: identify the evidence type, population, outcome, comparator, limitations, and regulatory context.
8 min · 4 sources
Guide
What preclinical evidence means—and what it cannot tell you
A plain-language guide to cell, animal, and mechanistic peptide research, the translation gap, and the questions to ask before extrapolating to people.
7 min · 4 sources
Guide
Citations vs evidence quality: why a long reference list is not enough
Learn how to move from citation count to study design, directness, bias, precision, consistency, and applicability.
7 min · 3 sources
Guide
How to read a ClinicalTrials.gov record without overclaiming
A field-by-field guide to study status, sponsor, design, outcomes, enrollment, posted results, and record history.
8 min · 3 sources
Guide
Randomized controlled trials explained for peptide research
Understand randomization, control groups, blinding, prespecified outcomes, attrition, and why trial design still needs interpretation.
8 min · 3 sources
Guide
Systematic reviews explained: what makes a synthesis trustworthy?
Learn how a systematic review differs from a narrative overview and how to inspect its question, search, selection, bias assessment, synthesis, and certainty.
8 min · 4 sources
Guide
Biomarkers vs clinical outcomes: what did the study actually change?
Understand the difference between a biological measurement, a surrogate endpoint, and an outcome that directly reflects how people feel, function, or survive.
7 min · 3 sources
Guide
Statistical significance vs practical importance in research
Learn why a threshold-based result does not reveal effect size, precision, clinical relevance, bias, or the full evidence context.
7 min · 3 sources
Guide
Sample size and study power: why small studies mislead
Understand precision, events, variability, statistical power, and why a small positive or negative study rarely settles a peptide claim.
7 min · 3 sources
Guide
Conflicts of interest in peptide research: how to read them
A practical method for examining funding, author relationships, sponsor control, analysis, reporting, and replication without dismissing evidence by association.
8 min · 3 sources
Guide
Regulatory approval vs evidence: four distinctions that matter
Understand the difference between being studied, authorized for research, approved for a specific use, compounded, and promoted online.
8 min · 3 sources
Guide
Compounded peptides and evidence: product quality is a separate question
Learn why published molecule research, regulatory approval, compounding standards, and the identity of a specific preparation must be evaluated separately.
8 min · 3 sources
Guide
WADA and peptide research in 2026: what athletes need to verify
A research-focused guide to the World Anti-Doping Agency prohibited list, jurisdiction, in-competition rules, and current verification.
7 min · 3 sources
Guide
Peptidia’s Source Strength Score: what it says and what it cannot say
A transparent explanation of evidence tiers, directness, study quality, consistency, and why no single score can replace reading the sources.
7 min · 3 sources
Guide
Why negative trials matter in peptide research
Learn how a well-designed negative study updates an evidence record, why absence of significance is not always proof of no effect, and why unfavorable findings are easy to miss.
7 min · 3 sources
Guide
Research freshness and review dates: when an evidence page goes stale
A practical standard for search cutoffs, editorial review dates, regulatory checks, corrections, retractions, and rapidly changing evidence.
7 min · 4 sources
Guide
The Peptidia Evidence Passport: a field guide
Understand the evidence-maturity label, source strength, uncertainty, negative findings, review date, and boundaries shown on Peptidia profiles.
7 min · 4 sources
Product decisions
Comparisons with the conflict visible.
Peptidia is not a neutral observer in pages that compare Peptidia. We say that clearly, date every product review, and link the official listings behind each claim.
Comparison
Best peptide research apps in 2026: choose by the job you need done
A transparent comparison of peptide research apps for evidence review, broad reference, and private tracking—based on current official product listings.
7 min · Methodology disclosed
Comparison
Peptidia vs PepPedia in 2026: evidence interface or all-in-one toolkit?
An evidence-first comparison of Peptidia and PepPedia, including who each app is for, what their public listings emphasize, and the tradeoffs.
6 min · Methodology disclosed
Alternatives
PepPedia alternatives in 2026: three different ways to research peptides
Alternatives to PepPedia for evidence inspection, personal tracking, or a direct-source workflow using PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov.
6 min · Methodology disclosed
Comparison
Peptidia vs PeptidePal in 2026: which peptide tracker fits your job?
A transparent comparison of Peptidia and PeptidePal based on their official App Store listings: personal records, planning tools, privacy, and evidence.
6 min · Methodology disclosed
Comparison
PepPedia vs PeptidePal in 2026: broad reference or tracker-first app?
A source-linked comparison of PepPedia and PeptidePal, with Peptidia included as a third option that pairs a private Lab with cited evidence.
6 min · Methodology disclosed
Comparison
Peptidia vs PubMed in 2026: evidence summary or literature database?
Understand when to use Peptidia’s editorial summaries and when to search PubMed’s biomedical literature database directly.
6 min · Methodology disclosed
Comparison
Peptidia vs ClinicalTrials.gov in 2026: editorial context or trial record?
A practical guide to using Peptidia alongside ClinicalTrials.gov without confusing a registered study with a completed positive result.
6 min · Methodology disclosed
Alternatives
PeptidePal alternatives in 2026: five options for different jobs
Compare PeptidePal alternatives for evidence research, broad reference, journaling, and tracking using official product listings.
8 min · Methodology disclosed
Comparison
Best peptide tracking apps in 2026: compare the tracking job first
A transparent 2026 comparison of peptide tracking apps, including Peptidia’s private Lab, based on each app’s official App Store listing.
8 min · Methodology disclosed
Comparison
Best peptide journal apps in 2026: private records without evidence confusion
Compare peptide journal and tracking apps by privacy, export, research context, and the difference between observations and evidence.
7 min · Methodology disclosed
Comparison
Best peptide research tools in 2026: a complete evidence workflow
Build a peptide research workflow with Peptidia, PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, FDA resources, and systematic-review guidance.
8 min · Methodology disclosed
Alternatives
Peptide tracker alternatives in 2026: research, journals, or simple records?
Alternatives to your current peptide tracker: a private Lab with cited evidence, a combined reference and journal, another tracker, or a minimal private record.
7 min · Methodology disclosed
Alternatives
Peptide calculator alternatives in 2026: when research is the real need
A safety-first look at alternatives to peptide calculator apps, including evidence resources and qualified clinical support.
7 min · Methodology disclosed
Full iPhone experience
Sources, uncertainty, and review dates—wherever you research.
The Peptidia app adds the complete reviewed library, inspectable study cards, grounded questions, and a private Lab for your own records.
Educational information only. Not medical advice. No personalized recommendations or numeric doses are provided. Peptidia does not sell peptides or endorse vendors.